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The letters on this page have been selected from the section Habari za Kwetu ('news of/from our place/home') in the April 1958 issue of the Union Minière du Haut-Katanga's house journal Mwana Shaba ('copper child' or, perhaps beter, 'copper worker'). These letters were all written by employees of the UMHK mining company and are highly interesting for several reasons.
First of all, the topics of these letters reflect the interests and worries of the city dwellers of the Congolese Copperbelt in the late 1950s, a period of rising political activity and unrest. It is not very surprising that political issues are not addressed in the letters published in Mwana Shaba. Even if some workers would have had the courage to write about politics, the editors of the journal would have made sure that these letters never got published. The letters that made it to the journal nearly always consist of complaints about the loss of traditional values and behaviors in the new urban centers of the Copperbelt. There are warnings against the dangers of alcohol, thievery, and the changing attitude of young women who no longer automatically obey the old customs. Many writers seem to have problems with the sharp contrast between the 'traditional' way of life in the ancestral village and the modern life of the big city.
The topics of the letters in Habari za Kwetu no doubt give a somewhat distorted a-political picture of the workers' interests and worries. Reading through the Habari za Kwetu section of different issues of Mwana Shaba, one cannot escape the feeling that the editors used this section to 'educate' the UMHK personnel. The mining company reasoned that employees who invested their earnings in their homes and families instead of spending it on beer and women, would make more disciplined and reliable workers.
The letters in Habari za Kwetu are, of course, also important examples of popular literacy. The large majority of Union Minière employees were schooled workers. Just to which degree they were schooled in writing Swahili is difficult to assess. The variability in spelling displayed in the letters warrants the conclusion that there was no clear monolithic written standard variety which the writers could turn to and that to some degree their writing reflects the spoken language of that time. Careful analysis of the linguistic variation encountered in the letters can therefore be of immense help in reconstructing the colloquial Swahili of the Copperbelt in the 1950s.
The translation in the right column tries to convey the meaning of the Swahili texts. In the near future notes on grammar, lexicon, spelling, and other aspects of the texts will be made available here. These will no doubt help the reader not familiar with Katanga Swahili to understand more fully the meaning of the letters. If you have any comments on the translation or know the meanings of the words that I was not able to translate (marked in the following way: [? unknown word]), please contact me at vderooij@pscw.uva.nl. Line breaks in the translations correspond as faithfully as possible to the line breaks in the first column which were taken over from the original.
# 1 Tufanye pasopo sasa, kwa sababu wezi wanakuwa wengi wa akili mbaya na wasio woga. Kama wana- kutana mlango unafungwa, wana- vunja makalasi ya madirisha na hivi wanaingia nyumbani. Sasa tunakuwa tunalala usingizi na woga ya wezi tu rohoni. Tunatumaini ya kama ile mambo haitaendelea vile. François LUBO [subsection Lubumbashi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 1 We have to be careful nowadays, because thieves with bad plans and no fear are getting numerous. If they find a door that is locked, they smash the glass of the windows and so go into the house. Nowadays we're sleeping with fear for thieves in our hearts. We hope that these things will not go on like this. François LUBO [subsection Lubumbashi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 2 Tupo na watu wa kazi wengine wenyi akili. Kwa sababu, wana- kumbuka kutengeneza maisha yao ya mbele wakati wangali mu kazi. Hawangoje tu kupata mbele << pen- sion >> njo waanze kukumbuka maisha yao. Mu mji, waliisha kupata nyumba, shamba ya muhogo, lu- pango na fasi ya kufuga kuku, mabata, mbuzi ao nyama zingine. Wale watu hawatahangaika kwa vile vitu. Franka yao ya << pension >> itakuwa tu ya kula, na ya kutengene- za fasi ya nyumba yao. Wale watu watakaa na furaha na watajisifu siku zote. Alphonse TENTE [subsection Lubumbashi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 2 We have some intelligent workers. Because they think of putting their lives in order beforehand in the period that they work. They do not just wait to get their pension and then start thinking about their lives. In the village, they have obtained a house, a manioc field, a lot and a place to keep chicken, ducks, a goat or other animals. Those people are not troubled by such things. Their pension money will just go to (buying) and putting in order the place of their houses. Those people live with joy and they praise themselves every day. Alphonse TENTE [subsection Lubumbashi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 3 Mu mji ingine, musafiri anasikia furaha kwa kuona nyumba ya wage- ni. Ku Kolwezi kwiko nyumba ya wageni ndani, wanaweka-amo vi- tanda vuenye kutandika malenketi. Lakini ku Panda, ndani ya nyumba ya wageni hamuna kitu. Mugeni akafika ku Panda, anahangaika tu. Na tena ku Panda kwiko watu wenyi kufanya mambo ya uchafu na wana- wake ao na watoto wanawake mu nyumba ya wageni. Saturnin TSIZUBU 21/2/58 NDLR.: Tunasikitika vile vile juu ya akili ya wasafiri wengine. Wana- kumbuka kusema << haina nyumba yetu, tuiharibishe, tufanye vile tuna- penda. Wale watakuja nyuma yetu wataitengeneza >>. [subsection Lubumbashi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 3 In a strange town, a traveler feels joy at seeing the guest house. In Kolwezi there is a guest house in which they place beds covered with a blanket. But in Panda, inside the guest house there is nothing. The stranger arriving in Panda, is just worried. And, then, in Panda there are people who do filthy things with women or with girls in the guest house. Saturnin TSIZUBU 21/2/58 Note by the Editor: We also feel sorry because of the thoughts of some travelers. They think (and say): << it's not our home, let's ruin it, let's do whatever we like. Those who come after us will put it in order >>. [subsection Lubumbashi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 4 Mangaribi, mbele ya kwenda kwa rafiki zake, M.S... alifunga nyumba yake tu vizuri. Kwa kurudia, aliku- tana kufuli yenye kuvunjwa, na mlango upo wazi. Sasa anasikitika ya kama hataweza tena kupata vitu vyake vyenye kuibwa. Joseph MUSENDEKA 8/2/58 [subsection Lubumbashi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 4 In the evening, before going to his friends, M.S... locked his house really well. Upon his return, he found the padlock broken, and the door was open. Now he felt sorry that he would not be able to recover his things that were stolen. Joseph MUSENDEKA 8/2/58 [subsection Lubumbashi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 5 Mwizi moja anakamatika. Aliiba kinga mu magazini moja ya mu njia yenye kwenda Kipushi. Alikimbia juu ya kinga yenyewe aliiba; lakini walimukamata tu mbio na kumuleta kwa wa polisi. Watu wengi watatu- liza roho kwa kusikia vile wanamu- bamba ule mwizi. Kwa sababu ali- kuwa mwizi wa hatari na hawaku- weza kumukamata hata siku moja. Pierre MBOY 21/2/58 [subsection Lubumbashi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 5 A certain thief was caught. He had stolen a bicycle in a shop on the road to Kipushi. He took off on the bike that he had stolen; but they caught him quickly en brought him to the police. Many people put their hearts at rest at hearing how they caught that thief. Because he was a dangerous thief and they had not been able to catch him one single time. Pierre MBOY 21/2/58 [subsection Lubumbashi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 6 Bwana atapenda bibi yake sana, kama bibi ni muaminifu hana na bukulukulu; kama bibi anajua ku- tengeneza nyumba mzuri, kuchunga mali na ipo na usafi; kama bibi hana uongo, kwanza uongo ni kitu cha bure. Bibi moja alilongofia bwana yake kwa kutaka amufurahishe. Njo akasema iko na mimba yenyi kukomaa na tena karibu na kuzaa. Alizani kama ataweza kulongofia mganga sawa alilongofia bwana yake. Kiisha kufika kwa mganga, mganga alivumbua uongo wa bibi na aka- mufukuza pale pale. Bibi alipata haya sana kwa uongo wake. Joseph TAU 7/2/58 [subsection Lubumbashi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 6 A husband will love his wife very much, if the wife is honest and not untrustworthy; if the wife knows how to make the house really comfortable, to watch over the money and if it is clean; if the wife does not lie, to start a lie is something of no value. One woman told her husband a lie because she wanted to make him happy. So she said that she was heavily pregnant and she was close to giving birth. She thought that she could deceive the doctor the way she deceived her husband. Having arrived at the doctor's, the doctor discovered the woman's lie and he chased her right there. The woman really felt ashamed because of her lie. Joseph TAU 7/2/58 [subsection Lubumbashi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 7 Bwana moja alipata << pension >>. Ametaka kwenda ku mji na bibi yake. Bibi amekataa, amesema hata- ki kwenda na yule bwana kwa sababu aliolewa ku Elisabethville. Bwana akampiga bibi kwa sababu bibi hai- tikie safari. Ni bure tu. Wakati bwana hakuwa ku nyumba, bibi alifunga vifulushi vyake na akai- swaka lwake kufichama kwa wandu- gu wake. Thomas MPOYO [subsection Lubumbashi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 7 A certain man was pensioned off. He wanted to go tho the village with his wife. The wife refused, she said she did not want to go with that man because she was married in Elisabethville. The man beat the wife because the wife refused the travel. It was all in vain. When the husband was not at home, the wife packed her bags and ? akaiswaka to hide with her relatives. Thomas MPOYO [subsection Lubumbashi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 8 Humu mu Lubumbashi, tuliona mchezo moja wa kuchekesha kabisa: sawa yenye kutoka mu << film >> ya Charlot. Bwana moja alikuja kupo- kea franka yake. Tena bibi moja ali- kuwa anamungoja kwa sababu ule bwana amulipe deni ya << kibalubalu >> mingi ule bwana alikunywa kwake pasipo kulipa. Kiisha kupokea fran- ka, bwana alitafuta kufichama na ku- kimbia yule bibi. Lakini bibi muka- lamusi, alimukamata tu mu mushipi ya saruali na hakutaka kumuacha mpaka tu apate franka yake. Tuli- kuwa tunawatazama kwa kuona mwenye atashinda mwenzake. Ni bwana ao ni bibi ao saruali njo itapita nguvu? Hatukupata majibu, kwa sababu polisi alikuja kuwatakia ile neno. Thomas MPOYO na Raphaêl BENI NDLR.: Kila mtu aliona sawa yule bwana amekuwa kiwelewele mbele ya macho yao. Tena tunasikitika kwa sababu ule mfano wa ile mambo uko tu unaenea mu miji yetu kila siku ya kupokea franka. [subsection Lubumbashi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 8 Here in Lubumbashi, we saw a spectacle that was very funny: just like something in a Charlot [?Chaplin] movie. A man went to collect his money [pay]. Also, a woman was waiting for him because that man was to pay her back his many debts of << one more >> [glass] which that man drank with her without paying. Having collected his money, the man tried to hide and to escape from that woman. But the woman was sly, she caught him by the belt of his trousers and she did not want to let him go until she got her money. We observed them to see who would outdo the other. Was it the man, the woman, or the trousers that would run out of strength? We didn't get the answer, because the police came to question them about this matter. Thomas MPOYO na Raphaêl BENI Note by the Editor: Everyone saw how that man became mad before their eyes. Furthermore, we are sorry because that example of those things is there and is spread all over town each pay day. [subsection Lubumbashi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 9 Tuliona bwana moja mwenye watu wengine tatu wamemutesa, na wenye kuwatazama hukukuwa hata mtu moja mwenyi kumsaidia. Tulizani ya kama yule bwana alifanya vibaya, kwa sababu hakukuwa hata mtu moja mwenyi kumusaidia. Lakini pale tuliuliza chenye wanafia, waka- tujibu: << sisi hatujue na tena tuta- musaidia je na yeye hana wa kabila yetu? >> Njo kusema, wandugu wa- penzi, mtu wa kusaidia ni mpaka kama ni wa kabila yetu? Na ile njo usilimu wenye tunajivunia kuwa nao? Jourdain KULU 27/2/58 NDLR.: Kama unazani ya kama mtu asiye wa kabila yenu hakupende- ze, na njo vile tu wengine watakufanya, tena usishituke kwa ile siku na we utateswa. Kongo haitatengenezwa na watu wenye kuchukiana kwani ni kupendana na kupana heshima njo yenye kufunga pamoja watu wa kabila mbali mbali. [subsection Kipushi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 9 We saw a man whom three other men were harassing, and those watching them there was not one man who helped him. We thought that that man had done something bad, because there was not one man who helped him. But when we asked what they wanted, they answered us: << we don't know [him] and so, how should we help him while he is not from our ethnic group? >> That's to say, dear brothers, a man is in need of help only if he from our ethnic group? And is that the progress which we will reap for ourselves? Jourdain KULU 27/2/58 Note by the Editor: If it is your opinion that a man who is not from your ethnic group does not please you, that's just the way others will treat you, furthermore, don't be shocked the day you will suffer as well. Congo will not be put in order by people hating one another because it is loving and respecting one another which ties together people from different ethnic groups. [subsection Kipushi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 10 Siku ya kupokea franka ni siku kubwa ku Kipushi na kungine. Ni siku watu wote wanapata uzima, wanafurahi, njia yoyote ya magazini inajaa watu, na ma << bars >> inatumi- ka mzuri sana. Wanatumika mwezi muzima juu ya kufurahi siku moja tu? Haina mzuri kufurahi kidogo kidogo kila siku fasi ya kufurahi sana tu siku moja na kuteswa mwezi muzima? Jourdain KULU 27/2/58 [subsection Kipushi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 10 Pay day is a big day in Kipushi and elsewhere. It is a day when all people feel good, they are happy, all streets with shops are filled with people, and the << bars >> do extremely well. Do they work a whole month to be happy for a single day only? Isn't it better to rejoice a little bit each day instead of being very happy for just one day and suffering for a whole month? Jourdain KULU 27/2/58 [subsection Kipushi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 11 Binti moja aliandikia Mwana Shaba hivi: << sitake kuuzishwa >>. Naitikia kweli, vijana wanawake wa mu << ville >> wanajizania ya kama wanasilimuka kabisa, na vile hawa- wezi kuitikia wauzishwe. Wanawaza ya kama kuolewa ni kupata njia ya kufanya mwendo mbaya vile wana- penda pasipo wazazi wao kuwa- chamkia. Na kama bwana anasirika kwa mwendo mbaya wa bibi, bibi anamjibu: << mali ulileta kwa baba, haieneye hata bu mali ya buko; ni franka tu ya posho ile baba alikuwa anapokea juu yangu, na sasa haipo- keake tena tangu ulinioa >>. Vijana wanawake wa miji hawakumbuke kusema ile yote, wanajua tu ya kama bibi ni wa bwana. Oscar BATSHIBE 6/2/58 [subsection Kipushi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 11 A girl wrote to Mwana Shaba as follows: << I do not want to be sold. >> I really reply, the young women who live in the city think of themselves that they are very modern, and so they cannot agree with being sold. They believe that being married is is to get a way to behave badly the way they like to without paying any respect to their parents. And if the husband is angry about the bad behavior of the wife, the wife answers: << the money you brought to father, wasn't even enough as bride wealth; it was just a drinking fee that father received for me, and now he hasn't received [anything] in addition since I was married. The young women from the villages do not think of saying all this they just know that the wife belongs to the husband. Oscar BATSHIBE 6/2/58 [subsection Kipushi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 12 Wabibi wenye kuolewa, wanaanza kuwa na mwendo sawa wandumba. Wanakunywa pombe kushinda na wabwana wao tena wanapoteza he- shima yao. Kuwafundisha kupika, kushona na kutengeneza nyumba yao, ni vizuri sana. Lakini ni muzuri tena kabisa kuwaonyesha ya kama kuwa na mwendo mbaya ni haya sana kwao. Symphorien KASEBA 26/2/58 NDLR.: Kama wabibi wanaku- nywa pombe, wanalongofia wabwana wao hawachunge watoto wao na kama wakiwa na mwendo sawa na wandumba, kosa ni ya nani? Wa- bwana hawana kosa pale wanakwenda na wandumba mu << bar >>? Kwanza si ni wanaume na wabwana wenye wabibi, wanafundisha mifano mi- baya kwa sababu wanakamata wana- wake wote wasio kuwa wabibi yao sawa na wandumba? Ni mzuri sana kufundisha wanawake kupika, ku- tengeneza nyumba, kushona, kwa sababu kiisha wabibi kujua na kuzoea ile kazi, hawakumbuke tena kwenda mu ma << bars >>. [subsection Kipushi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 12 Married women start behaving like wandumba [femmes libres]. They drink more beer than their husbands and loose their respectability. To teach them how to cook, to sew and to arrange their houses, is very good. But it is much better still to show them that behaving badly is very shameful to them. Symphorien KASEBA 26/2/58 Note by the Editor: If women drink beer, cheat their husbands do not care for their children and if they behave like wandumba, whose fault is it? Aren't the husbands to blame when they go to a << bar >> with wandumba? First of all, isn't it so that men and husbands with wives, teach bad examples because they take all women who are not their wives as if they are wandumba? It is very good to teach women how to cook, to put the house in order, to sow, because after wives know and are familiar with that work, they do not think of going to << bars >>. [subsection Kipushi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 13 Mlevi moja alikuwa juu ya kinga yake mwenye kuwayawaya vibaya sana. Hakuona ya kama shimo iko mu njia, na alianguka mule. Kijana mwanaume moja alikuwa anapita njiani, alimusaidia kwa kumtosha mu shimo na kumpeleka kwake sababu asipate msiba. Kiisha kupata akili, mlevi alianza kuchambula ki- jana mwanaume, na kusema ya kama yule kijana anataka kumuiba kinga na tena iko mushenzi, nyama. Pale njo kijana alilapa ya kama hata- subutu kusaidia walevi. Na kwa ile hakuna mwenye kumpa kosa. Pascal BAHEBURA 23/1/58 NDLR.: Inafaa kuogopa walevi, lakini inafaa kuwasaidia wakati wapo katika hatari. Huweza kutumaini kuwarudisha katika njia nzuri, kwa kuwapa mashauri mazuri na kuwao- gopesha matendo mabaya ya pombe. [subsection Panda/Shituru, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 13 A drunk sat [lit.: was] on his bike which swayed to and fro in a terrible way. He did not see that there was a hole in the road, and he fell into it. A young man who was walking along the road, helped him to get out from the hole and conducted him home so he would not have an accident. After he regained his wits, the drunk began to abuse the young man, saying that that young man wanted to steal his bike from him and that he was uncivilized, an animal. It was then and there that the young man vowed that he would no longer risk to help drunks. And because of that there would be no one to accuse him. Pascal BAHEBURA 23/1/58 Note by the editor: One has to fear drunks, but one has to help them when they are in danger. We can hope to help them return on the right track, by giving them good advice and by warning them for the bad consequences of beer. [subsection Panda/Shituru, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 14 Mtu moja wa kazi alikuwa na watoto 9. Kiisha kuchoka na make- lele ya bibi kwa mambo kidogo tu ya mu nyumba, akafukuza yule bibi mama watoto, aende kwao pasipo kukumbuka ya kama watoto wata- bakia na masikitiko ya mama wao. Bwana alioa bibi uingine kwa kusai- dia watoto wake. Lakini hakuna chenye kiko sawa na mama, na wa- toto hawakukawa kuwa mu umasiki- ni. Bibi wa sasa hakuwa anapenda wale watoto wasipo wake, hakuwa na ubembelezi juu yao na alikuwa ana- watendea vibaya kila siku. Kwa u- chungu ya watoto wake, mama wa- toto alikuwa anawaletea tuvitu twa utamu twa kuwabembeleza, kwa uficho. Baba watoto hakutaka ku- sikia shauri ya rafiki zake zote, na tena hakupenda kusikia wamuelezee kitu juu ya mama watoto. Alikataza na ule mama watoto kuja kutazama watoto wake. Lakini watoto wali- kataa ile sauti ya baba yao, njo wakamuambia wanasema: << We hautupende tena, kwa sababu una- fukuza na mama wetu. Hukumbuke hata ya kama tunateswa: hatu- chungwe vizuri, hatule vizuri; ile yote hukumbuke, unakumbuka tu bibi yako >>. Na pale pale, watoto walikwenda lwao na baba hakujua kwenye walikimbia. Tena watu wote waliwapa watoto wale sheria. Kweli ugomvi unaweza kutoka kati ya wazazi wakati ungine. Lakini kwa kusema wazazi waachane, inafaa wakumbuke vizuri ya kama kwa kufanya vile wanaletea watoto wao mateso. Bwana ataoa bibi ungine, na bibi ataoa bwana ungine, lakini hakuna moja mwenye ataleta baba ao mama ungine kwa watoto, wenye kuachiwa. Célestin KABENGA NDLR.: Hadisi hii ni ya huruma sana. Bwana ataweza kuwa na sheria ya kuachana na bibi yake. Lakini baba hana sheria kama watoto wake wana- kuwa wa masikini juu yake. [subsection Panda/Shituru, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 14 A certain worker had 9 children. Tired by an argument with his wife over a small domestic matter, he chased that woman the mother of their children, she was to go to her place without the thought that the children would stay behind with grief over their mother. The man married another woman to help his children. But nothing was like it was with their mother, and the children soon found themselves in miserable conditions. The new wife did not love those children as if they were hers, she did not have sweet words for them and she treated them bad every day. As care for her children, the mother of the children brought them little sweets to coax them, in secret. The father of the children did not want to listen to the advice of all his friends, and he also did not like to hear them explain to him the thing regarding the mother of the children. He forbade that mother of the children to come and look at her children. But the children ignored that voice of their father, so they told him, they said: << You do not love us any more, because you chased even our mother. You never think of how we suffer: we are not taken care of well, we do not eat well; all this doesn't cross your mind, you only think of your wife >>. And right there, the children went their way and the father did not know where they fled to. In addition, all the people gave those children the right [to do so]. Truly a quarrel may break out between parents sometimes. But by saying that parents should leave each other, they should be well aware of the fact that by doing so they bring their children suffering. The man will marry another wife, and the wife will marry another man, but there is not one who will bring another father or mother for the children, who are left behind. Célestin KABENGA Note by the Editor: This is truly a story about compassion. A man may have the right to divorce from his wife. But a father does not have this right if his children become beggars because of him. [subsection Panda/Shituru, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 15 Sasa kunakuwa miaka mingi, watu wa kazi wapo wanaomba vitu vya kununua ku Ulaya. Kwa sababu wanazani ya kama vile vitu vinazidi uzuri na bei teketeke. Ni vizuri sana kununua vitu ku Ulaya. Lakini wakati vile vitu vinafika, kama una- kosa franka ya kuvikomboa ni matata sana. Kwani inafaa kwenda huku na huku kwa kukongola franka ao kuuzisha kitu chako cha bei na kusikitika nyuma yake. Najua bwana moja aliuzisha shati nzuri sana kwa sababu ya kwenda ku- komboa kifulushi ya shati ya Ulaya. Nyuma yake, hakuweza kuivaa, kwa sababu ilikuwa yasio kumuenea: ni kidogo. Mbele ya kununua vitu vya Ulaya, tutazame kwanza ya kama hatuta- weza kuvipata mu magazini ya fasi yenye tuiko na kama haina mzuri kuinunua pa fasi ile tuiko tu. Hatu- nunue vitu kwa sababu haijaone- kana pa fasi tuiko na kwa sababu ya kujionyesha kwa wenzetu, kwani ita- weza kuwa ya kama wakati tutapata vile vitu vitabaki bure tu, pasipo lazima. Célestin KABENGA [subsection Panda/Shituru, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 15 For many years now there are workers who ask for commodities from abroad. Because they believe that those things excel in quality and that the price is low. It is very good to buy things from abroad. But by the time those goods arrive, if you have lost the money to pay for them there are big troubles. Because one has to go from place to place in order to borrow money or to sell something you own at a price you will regret afterwards. I know a man who sold a very fine shirt because he went to pay for a packet with a shirt from abroad. Then he wasn't able to wear it, because it didn't fit him: it was too small. Before buying goods from abroad, let us first examine if we are not able to get them in the store of the place where we live and if it is not better to buy it there where we live. Let us not buy things because they are not to be seen where we live and because we want to show ourselves to our friends, because it might be that by the time you get those things be worthless, without value. Célestin KABENGA [subsection Panda/Shituru, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 16 Kijana mwanamke wa Kakontwe alikimbia kwao kwa kuja kukaa kwa rafiki yake mwanaume mwenye kutu- mika ku Kambove. Baba yake ali- mtafuta weee, na kiisha alikwenda kumuvumbua kule, na alimpeleka kwao mpaka kwa nguvu. Kwa kuta- ka kumupa malipizi, alikusudia ku- mutuma kwao ku mji. Ile malipizi ya kumutuma ku mji ni nzuri ? Ki- jana mwanamke hakuchungwa vizuri hapa, njo vile alifanya mwendo mab- ya. Halafu ku mji, hakuna mwenye ataweza kumuchunga vizuri, namna gani ule kijana mwanamke ataweza kutengeneza mwendo wake mbaya ? Marcel KABULU NDLR.: Vijana wanawake wengine wapo na mwendo mbaya hata wana- wachunga. Kijana mwanamke mwenye mwandikaji wetu anasema atapata namna ya kukimbilia kwa bwana wa ku mji. Tutumaini ya kama atapata akili kwa sababu ya ile namna baba yake alimufanya na ataacha mwendo wake mbaya kwa sababu apate bwa- na wa kumuoa na kukataa urafiki mbaya na wanaume wa mu njia. [subsection Kambove, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 16 A young woman from Kakontwe ran away from home to go and live with her boy friend who worked in Kambove. Her father tried to find her for a long long time, and then he went and discovered her there, and he brought her back home with force. As he wanted to inflict a punishment upon her, he decided to send her to their ancestral village. That punishment of sending her to the village is that wise? The young woman was not watched carefully over there, and so she behaved badly. In the village, then, there is no one who can keep man a close eye on her; how will this young woman be able to better his bad behavior? Marcel KABULU Note by the Editor: Some young women who behave badly are not watched over at all. The young woman whom our writer talks about will find a way to seek refuge with the man in town. We hope that she will find reason as a result of the way in which her father treats her and that she will abandon her bad ways so [because] she may find a husband to marry her and will say no to bad friendship with men in the street. [subsection Kambove, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 17 Bwana wa ndoa, baba wa watoto 7, kama akiacha jamaa yake juu ya mapendo kwa mwanamke wa ndu- mba, si ni haya ? Huyu mtu alileta uzima kwa watoto, tena anawaletea lufu, kwani anakataa kuleta franka kwa bibi alishe watoto. Namna ya mambo ile ilijulikana siku wa polisi wa mu mji walikuta watoto wapo wanatafuta tu vyakula mu uchafu wenye kubaki mu udongo kiisha watu kupokea posho. Ni watoto njo walielezea Changa- Changa umasikini wao wenye kuwa- fikia mu mwendo mbaya wa baba yao. Na Changa-Changa alichamkia sana baba yao. Tunatumaini ya kama baba huyu mwenye wazimu atapata akili na atapenda jamaa yake kuliko kindumba kile kitamukataa siku atakuwa na franka kidogo. Clément BEYA 5/2/58 [subsection Kambove, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 17 A married man, a father of 7 children, if he abandons his family out of love for a woman who is a ndumba, isn't that shamefull? This man gave life and health to his children, then he brings them death, because he refuses to bring money to his wife to feed the children. The details of those things became known the day when the police of the city found the children who were looking for food in the filth which was left behind on the ground after people had collected their pay. It was the children who explained Changa-Changa¹ their misery which had befallen on them through the bad behavior of their father. And Changa-Changa was very angry with their father. We hope that this father who is a madman will get back his good sense and that he will love his family more than this ndumba business that will say no to him the day he runs out of money. Clément BEYA 5/2/58 [subsection Kambove, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] ¹ From the verb -changa (put together, mix). The reduplicated form Changa-Changa was a popular name for the mining company which brought workers from many different regional, ethnic, and linguistic backgrounds together in its compounds. |
# 18 Kwa kusoma Baraza ya bibi mu gazeti 'Mwana Shaba', wabwana we- ngi wanasikitika na wanasema: << iko vizuri kuwa na bibi mwenye ana- weza kufuata sauti yote yenye kuan- dikwa mu gazeti >>. Usizani ya kama wale wanawake hawapatikane. Kwa- ni mimi najua ya kama utaweza kukutana na moja wa wale wanawake, kila siku mu mji wetu wa Shinkolo- bwe. Uone kwanza bibi R.M. wa M. V.K.: ni bibi mwenye kujua kazi ya nyumba kabisa. Nyumba yake ni safi sana kila siku. Kila kitu kiko pa fasi yake. Vyakula vinapikwa tu vizuri kabisa na vipo tayari pa saa ya kula, kila siku. Masahani ya uchafu haibaki juu ya meza, na tena bibi Mbuyi iko kila siku na furaha tena na cheko. Kila siku anampokea bwana yake kwa kumukumbatia, ipo anafanya neno yenye kusangaza huyu bibi mkongomani. Anajua kushona: ana- tengeneza kanzu yake na nguo ya bwana yake, ye hapana kuharibisha franka yenye kupatwa kwa kazi gumu, na hakuna mtu alisikia u- gomvi hata kidogo kati ya bibi Mbuyi na bwana yake. Si ajabu ? Ile yote inaweza kufanyika kwa bibi mpja, na wabibi wengine wataweza kuifanya vile vile. tumusifu basi bwana K. kwa sababu alikaza nguvu kwa mafundisho ya bibi yake. Tena tumusifu na tumpigie bibi Mbuyi aksanti kwa sababu anatuonyesha uzuri wa mafundisho yake kila siku. François KISIMBA [subsection Shinkolobwe, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958) |
# 18 Reading Baraza ya bibi¹ in the paper 'Mwana Shaba', many men feel sorry [for themselves] and say: << It's good to have a woman who is able to follow the voice of everything that is written in the (?this) paper >>. Do not think that women like that are not to be found. Because I know that you will be able to meet with one of those women, each day in our town of Shinkolobwe. Consider only Mrs. R.M. of M. V.K.: she is a woman who knows domestic work very well. Her house is always very clean. Everything is in its proper place. Food is cooked really well and it is ready at dinner time, each day. Dirty dishes do not remain on the table, and furthermore, Mrs. Mbuyi is always happy and smiling. Each day she welcomes her husband with an embrace, [?it is there that he utters a word that surprises this Congolese woman]. She knows how to sow: she repairs her kanzu and the clothes of her husband, she does not waste money that was earned by hard work, and no one has ever heard any disputing going on between Mrs. Mbuyi and her husband. Isn't that wonderful? All that can be done by one woman, and other women will be able to do the same. We praise Mr. K., then, because he adheres firmly to the instructions of his wife. And then, we praise and thank Mrs. Mbuyi because she shows us the merit of her instructions each day. François KISIMBA [subsection Shinkolobwe, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958) ¹ May be translated as 'Women's council'. |
# 19 Bibi moja alifanya makelele na bwana yake. Kiisha alikimbia nyu- mba ya bwana yake akaenda na watoto wake kufichama kwa wazazi wake. Bwana alimufuata mpaka kule na alitaka bibi arudie nyumbani mwake. Ugomvi ulikamatana tena nguvu, pale rafiki wa wazazi wa bibi alitaka kumsemea bibi na kugeukia bwana. Kisilani cha bwana kili- mgeukia ule muchimbi aliingia mu mambo ya jamaa isipo yake. Na rafiki alipata fundisho yenye haku- taka kupata kama angebaki mbali ya ile matata. Tuache kufanya ugomvi mu njia kwa mambo ya jamaa. Tuache kufanya matata kati ya watu kwa sababu inaweza kuleta ugomvi kubwa kabisa. Frédéric KIMUNGU 10/2/58 [subsection Shinkolobwe, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 19 A certain woman had a row with her husband. She then fled from the house of her husband and went away with her children to hide with her parents. The husband followed her till there and he wanted the wife to return to his house. The quarrel took on new force when a friend of the woman's parents wanted to talk to the woman and turn against the husband. The anger of the husband turned against that menace of the family: he prodded into family affairs that were not his. And the friend got a lecture he did not want to get that he should stay far from that row. Let us refrain from disputing in the street over domestic affairs. Let us refrain from quarelling in public because it may bring even bigger conflict. Frédéric KIMUNGU 10/2/58 [subsection Shinkolobwe, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 20 Bibi moja munyaruanda alichuma uyoga. Wabibi wengine walitaka kununu-ayo. Lakini pa kufungua kifulushi, waliona ya kama ule bibi alichuma uyoga pasipo kuchagua uyoga wa kula na wasio wa kula. Kama wale wabibi hawakumuonye- sha, mwenye uyoga alitaka kwenda kupika chakula chenye kuwa na sumu ndani. Inafaa Mwana Shaba aelezee wabibi ya kama kuiko na uyoga wa kula na wasio wa kula. Avetino NSUNGU 11/2/1958 NDLR.: Hakuna namna ya kujua uyoga mzuri na uyoga mbaya. Ao kama mukijua kabila ya uyoga mzuri kwa kula inafaa kuchuma, ao kama hamujui, basi inafaa kuacha kula uyoga. [subsection Shinkolobwe, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 20 A woman from Rwanda was picking mushrooms. Some other women wanted to buy them. But upon opening her bundle, they saw that that woman had picked mushrooms without distinguishing between edible and non-edible mushrooms. If those women had not shown her this, the woman with the mushrooms would have went away to cook food that had poison in it. It is necessary that Mwana Shaba explains to women that there are edible and non-edible mushrooms. Avetino NSUNGU 11/2/1958 Note by the Editor: There is no way of knowing good mushrooms from bad mushrooms. If you know the kind of mushroom that is good to eat it is okay to pick it, but if you do not know do not eat mushrooms. [subsection Shinkolobwe, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 21 Zamani, Bwana Changa-Changa alikuwa anaanza mwaka tu na ku- sambisha maneno ilitokea mu siku ya << bonne année >> na mambo ya ulevi. Huyu mwaka, nafurahi kwa kuona ya kama tulichekelea << bonne année >> pasipo ugomvi, tulikunywa pasipo ulevi wa kupoteza akili, tuli- furahi siku kuu ya mwaka mpya katika urafiki. Sawa tunajua ya kama ugomvi wa ulevi namakelele ya kubushana ni bure, njo kusema tunaendelea mbele kabisa. Raphaël SEBUTIMBIRI [subsection Shinkolobwe, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 21 In the past, Mr. Changa-Changa used to begin the year by sorting out diagreements that had arisen on New Year's day through drunkenness. This year, I am happy to see that we celebrated [lit.: laughed at] New Year without fighting, that we drank without mad drunkenness, that we rejoiced at this New Year's day in friendship. As a result we know that fighting from drunkenness and shouting from disagreements is worthless, that means we have made great progress. Raphaël SEBUTIMBIRI [subsection Shinkolobwe, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 22 Kiisha << cinéma >> yenye ilitufura- hisha sana, tulikuwa tunarudia mwe- tu. Kufika mbele ya nyumba ya M.K... mwenye alikuwa na sisi pamoja, tuliona mlango wa nyumba yake uko tu wazi. Kufuli yenye kubomoka na mwizi allingia kwake wakati tulikuwa ku << cinéma >> na alimuiba franka yake, kuacha tu nguo na vitu vingine. Ule mwizi ni mwenye kuzoea wizi, kwa sababu anajua ya kama wataweza kumuvu- mbua kama akakamata nguo na vitu vingine. Tutakuwa tu tunajifun- gilia mu nyumba pasipo kutoka, ao tutaacha tu mtu moja ndani ya nyumba kwa kwenda ku << cinéma >> ao kwa kutembelea wenzetu? Ambroise KALAMBAYI NDLR.: Kufuli inahangaisha mwizi lakini haimukataze sana kuingia mu nyumba. Njia ya kukimbia wizi kwako ni kukaa pasipo franka mu nyumba. Ni franka njo yenye inazidi kuleta tamaa na wezi. Muweke basi, franka yenu ku Sanduku ya Akiba. Muchunge tu franka yenye kuenea kwa kununua vitu vya mwezi mzima na tena ukatoka kwa kwenda pa fasi, utembeaka na ile franka. [subsection Kolwezi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 22 After the movies that had given us great joy, we returned home. As soon as we arrived at the house of M.K..., who was together with us, we saw that the door of the house was open. The padlock was broken open and the thief had entered his house when we were in the movies and he had stolen his money, leaving only clothes and other things. That thief is someone who is used to stealing, because he knows that they will be able to discover him if he takes clothes and other things. Shall we imprison ourselves in the house without leaving, or shall we leave one person inside the house when we go to the movies or when we go out with friends? Ambroise KALAMBAYI Note by the Editor: A padlock causes trouble to a thief but it does not deter him from entering a house. The way to avoid [lit.: escape] theft at your place is to remain without money at home. It is money that really brings greed to thieves. So, put your money at the Sanduku ya Akiba [savings bank]. Just keep with you the money that is sufficient to buy things for a whole month and then when you go out to a place, walk around with that money. [subsection Kolwezi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 23 Wabibi wenye kuandika ku Mwa- na Shaba ni wachache, na kwanza, najua ya kama wanapenda sana gazeti na wangekuwa pia na maneno ya kusema. Leo ninamiandikia kwa kumiomba kama ni ovyo kwa bibi kukumbatia bwana yake wakati wa kwenda ku kazi ao kwa wakati wa- merudia. Ile ni neno ya kuchekesha ao bali ni kitendo cha mapendo na cha unyeyekevu kitaweza kuleta raha kwa wabwana wetu ? Cécile KIBAMBE NDLR.: Bibi msomaji wangu mpe- nzi, ile haiko neno ya ovyo. Kwanza ingekuwa vizuri sana kama wanawake wote wafanye mpaka vile. Kukumbatia bwana mbele ya yeye kwenda ku kazi, ni sawa tu na kumuambia aseme: << Ni kwa weye njo tunapata uzima wetu, wende vizuri, mimi nabaki kuchunga nyumba na kuchunga wa- toto >>. Na kama mukimukumbatia bwana wakati wa kurudi ni kumuonye- sha tu wazi furaha yenu kwa sababu munamuona karibu yenu. Tunapashwa wasomaji wetu ya kama M. Kisimba François wa ku Shinkolobwe anaiti- kia vilevile ile alama ya mapendo ya bibi mkongomani. [subsection Musonoi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
# 23 The women who write to Mwana Shaba are few in number, and yet, I know that they like the paper very much and that they would all have things to say. Today I am writing you to ask you if it is silly for women to embrace their husbands when they go to work or when they return. Is that something that makes one laugh or, rather, is it an act of love and reverence that will bring joy to our husbands? Cécile KIBAMBE Note by the editor: My dear reader [lit.: woman reader], this is not a foolish thing. Rather it would be very good if all women would do like this. To embrace your husband before he goes to work, is just like saying: << It is because of you that we get our soundness, go in peace, I will stay to watch over the house and the children >>. And if you embrace your husband when he returns it is [like] showing him openly your joy caused by seeing him with you. We transmit to our readers that Mr. Kisimba François from Shinkolobwe calls this a token of love of the Congolese woman. [subsection Musonoi, Mwana Shaba 2(4) April 1958] |
Translation by Vincent de Rooij.
Archived: 6 October 1998
by Vincent de Rooij
Additions: 31 May 1999 (#20, #21, #22, #23)
Revisions: 14 April 2000 (translations of '-subutu' in # 13' and saruali'
in # 8, with thanks to Katrina Daly Thompson, 24 August 2001 (APS Volume
number added), 31 October 2001 (ISSN added)